Kindergarten Curriculums Used By Our Schools

Early Years education lays the foundations for young students to develop life long skills and a love of learning. Early childhood is a crucial stage of development, meaning that private, public and international schools will carefully consider which kind of curriculum they will implement for young learners. And there’s quite a few out there; informed by years of studies, philosophies and knowledge. 

Having a general understanding of the different Early Years curriculums used is certainly beneficial, as it will allow you to:

• Be familiar with recognised qualifications 

• Understand which curriculums you can specialise in

• Be knowledgeable about the approaches and values of each curriculum

• Understand why a school has chosen a particular curriculum and if that school is right for you as a teacher

Montessori Curriculum

The Montessori Method was developed by Italian Dr. Maria Montessori in the early 20th century. It emphasises a child-centered approach, where children learn at their own pace in a specially prepared environment. 

Key features of the Montessori curriculum include:

• Montessori Materials: Specialist learning materials have their own purpose and place in the classroom. Children are able to explore the materials at their own pace.

• Mixed Age Groups: Students of different ages learn together, promoting peer-to-peer learning, collaboration and leadership.

• The Teacher as a Guide: Teachers act as facilitators, allowing children to guide their own learning.

• Intrinsic Motivation: No rewards charts or stickers here, as the Montessori approach views learning as its own reward 

Montessori classrooms are designed to be self-directed, with children encouraged to choose their own activities from a range of hands-on materials, which encourages autonomy, independence, and ‘whole child learning’.

Reggio Emilia Approach

Also originating from Italy, the Reggio Emilia approach is a project-based learning approach that places a strong emphasis on creativity, exploration, and expression. The curriculum focuses on the child’s interests and encourages teachers to collaborate with families and the community. 

Key components of the Reggio Emilia approach include:

• The Hundred Languages of Children: The principle recognises that children express themselves in multiple ways, such as through art, music, drama, and movement.

• Project-based learning: Children engage in long-term projects (on topics of their choice) that allow them to explore their interests in-depth.

• Teacher as a co-learner: Similar to the Montessori approach, educators work alongside children, facilitating learning through inquiry and collaborative exploration.

• Learning environment as the ‘third teacher’: Classrooms are thoughtfully designed to be inviting, stimulating, and rich with opportunities for discovery. They may be decorated by the children's own artwork, or photos and items brought in from home.

The curriculum encourages children to ask questions, explore their environment, and develop solutions, making learning an interactive and deeply engaging experience.

Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS)

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum is a framework used in England and is designed for children from birth to five years old. It provides a structured yet flexible approach to early childhood education, focusing on holistic child development. Learning through play is an essential part of EYFS.

The EYFS is built around four guiding principles:

• A Unique Child: Every child is recognised as unique, with individual needs, abilities, and potential.

• Positive Relationships: Building secure, respectful relationships with children is central to EYFS, ensuring children feel safe and valued.

• Enabling Environments: Including support and collaboration between relevant adults, such as parents and practictioners 

• Learning and Development: Children learn and develop at different rates.

Additionally, the EYFS is structured seven key areas of learning:

• Prime Areas: Communication and Language, Physical Development, Personal, Social, and Emotional Development.

• Specific Areas: Literacy, Mathematics, Understanding the World, Expressive Arts and Design.

The EYFS emphasizes learning through play. Teachers observe children closely, assess their progress, and provide experiences that challenge and inspire them through play based activities and provisions.

Waldorf Education

The Waldorf curriculum, developed by philosopher Rudolf Steiner, emphasises creativity, imagination, and hands-on learning. It takes a holistic approach, aiming to develop the intellectual, emotional, and spiritual aspects of children. 

Some key features of the Waldorf approach include:

• Rhythmic daily routines: The day is structured with a rhythm that fosters security and predictability for young children.

• Emphasis on the arts: Children are encouraged to engage in artistic activities such as drawing, painting, singing, and storytelling.

• Delayed academics: Formal reading and writing are introduced later in the curriculum, allowing for a strong foundation in imaginative and creative play before academic learning.

This approach nurtures creativity and helps young learners develop a sense of self and a deep connection to the world around them.

International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP)

The International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum is a globally recognised framework that focuses on developing children into active, compassionate, and lifelong learners. The Primary Years Programme early years (PYP) is designed for children aged 3-6. This curriculum is based around inquiry-based learning. 

The key components of the PYP curriculum include:

• Inquiry-based learning: Children are encouraged to ask questions, seek out information, and develop their understanding through active exploration.

• Play Based: Learning and discovering through play.

• Transdisciplinary themes: The PYP encourages children to explore a range of global topics through six broad themes such as "Who We Are" and "How the World Works."

Through inquiry, children not only gain academic knowledge but also develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.

There are certainly overlaps between curriculums, as many favor a play based, child lead approach which suits the developmental stages of early years students well. This is not an exhaustive list, there are other curriculums out there. We have focused on the ones commonly used by our schools.